Management of healthcare waste in circumstances of limited resources: a case study in the hospitals of Nablus city, Palestine

The objectives of this study were the assessment of healthcare waste management and the characterization of healthcare waste
material generated in the hospitals in Nablus city, Palestine, and furthermore, to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B among
the cleaning personnel working in these hospitals. The medical waste generation rate in kg per bed per day was between 0.59
and 0.93 kg bed–1 day–1. The waste generation rate in the healthcare facilities of Nablus city hospitals was similar to some other
developing countries; however, the percentage of medical wastes in the total waste stream was comparatively high. The density
of medical waste at the four hospitals studied ranged between 144.9 and 188.4 kg m–3 with a mean value of 166.7 kg m–3. The
waste segregation and handling practices were very poor. Other alternatives for waste treatment rather than incineration such
as a locally made autoclave integrated with a shredder should be evaluated and implemented. The system of healthcare waste
management in Nablus city is in need of immediate improvement and attention. Formulating rules and guidelines for medical
waste and developing strategies for overcoming the obstacles related to waste management should be considered as an urgent
matter.