Defense

This thesis touched upon the effect of iron doping on the structural, morphological, compositional, optical and dielectric properties of bismuth oxide thin films. Bismuth oxide thin films with a thickness of 0.50 μm were deposited by thermal evaporation of bismuth oxide powders on glass substrates under a vacuum pressure of approximately 4-10 mbar. This was followed by doping the films with iron by mixing the iron nano-powders with the bismuth oxide powders before evaporation. The researcher used three increasing amounts of iron for this purpose.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a structured educational program on patient knowledge and practice regarding colostomy care in the West Bank. The researcher used a quasi-experimental study design (pre-test and post-test) to achieve the objectives of the study. The sample consisted of 37 adult male and female patients, who had a colostomy operation, as a non-probability convenience sample for this study. The samples were taken in surgical and medical outpatient clinics and oncology clinics in governmental and private hospitals in the West Bank.

This study aimed to clarify the media frameworks used by Palestinian human rights organizations concerned with digital rights, and to know the nature of their messages directed to the public when dealing with the violations committed by the Meta administration against Palestinian digital content. It also aimed to identify the most important mental and emotional appeals that these organizations use when communicating with the public.