Researcher Hanan Zeidan Hamamra, physics program student at the Arab American University Faculty of Graduate Studies, defended her master thesis entitled “Effects of Mixing Neodymium Tin Oxide Ceramic with Terbium, Samarium, Yttrium and Gadolinium on its Mechanical and Electrical Properties”.

In her thesis, Hamamra investigated structural changes resulting from mixing neodymium tin oxide ceramics with terbium, samarium, yttrium and gadolinium by studying x-ray diffraction, the samples electrical and optical characteristics, calculate changes in structure constant, levels direction, microscopic stress, granules size and defect density resulting from the mixing. Also, mixed ceramic samples optical properties were explored by measuring reflection and access spectra in high absorption area. It showed that electrical measurements allowed calculating the electrical conductivity and activation energy for all samples, also resistance, reactance, capacitance and recoil coefficient through impedance measurements.

By the end, the committee of main supervisor and head of the committee Dr. Adli Saleh, co-supervisor Dr. Hazem Khanfar, Arab American University internal examiner Prof. Dr. Attef Qasrawi and external examiner from An-Najah University Dr. Mohammad Shtayeh, decided to give Hanan a master degree.