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Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine, based on scientific and traditional knowledge, has shown
remarkable success in treating acute as well as chronic diseases. As mentioned in previous
chapters, Rhazes, Avicenna, Ibn Zuhr, among others, were the first to introduce scientific
methods to medicine and pharmacy, particularly the introduction of animal tests, clinical
trials, and quantification. Furthermore, hospitals in the Arab–Islamic world featured the first
drug tests, drug purity regulations, and competency tests for physicians. The earliest ...