This chapter examines the deepening social and economic inequalities in Gaza resulting from the recent war (October 2023—January 2025) on Gaza, with a particular focus on Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG 10), which seeks to reduce inequality within and among countries. The war has exacerbated pre-existing disparities, disproportionately impacting the most vulnerable populations. The destruction of infrastructure, businesses, and critical services, compounded by the siege, has led to soaring unemployment, poverty, and a sharp decline in living standards. As families struggle to survive, there has been a rise in child and forced labor, further entrenching social and economic disparities. Access to education and healthcare has severely deteriorated, contributing to the deepening of inequality. Women and children, in particular, face heightened risks of violence, exploitation, and marginalization, while persons with disabilities encounter additional barriers to basic services. The economic consequences of this war are devastating, with hostilities hindering investment and economic development, thus perpetuating a cycle of poverty. This work also reviews the international community's response, highlighting the need for stronger global action to support Gaza’s recovery and reducing inequalities. Drawing on data and reports from UN agencies and research studies, the chapter concludes by offering policy recommendations aimed at addressing these inequalities, emphasizing the importance of sustainable peace, international solidarity, and inclusive development strategies. The goal is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the obstacles to social and economic equity in the region and offers insights into potential pathways for a more just and equitable future.