The idea of using food as a form of medicine has deep roots in Prophetic, Greco-Arab, and Islamic medical traditions. Those systems regarded dietary therapy as the first and most natural methods of preserving health and treating diseases. The renowned physician Al-Razi (Rhazes, 864–930) once said, “As long as you can treat with food, do not treat with medicine,”. This definitely underlined the gist of the classical Greco-Arab medical principle that prioritized diet and physical therapy without resorting to drugs or surgery. In terms of the Prophetic Medicine, food played a dual role of life- sustaining and healing. More specifically, Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) recommended several diets, including honey, olive oil, dates, black seeds, barley, and camel milk for their preventive and healthy features. Recent advances in nutrition research and biomedical research provided cell biological and molecular evidence that supported many of these traditional perceptions. That is, foods rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds have shown to improve immune function and reduce the risk of chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and age-related ailments. This study outlined the historical background and traditional uses of some selected wild edible Arab and Islamic plants and foods highlighted in the Prophetic Medicine, and discussed their pharmacological actions in light of the current scientific understanding. Furthermore. it aimed to bridge the gap between traditional and modern biomedical perspectives on maintaining health and preventing diseases through diet.