Background: Quantum dot lasers (QDLs) are promising semiconductor laser devices due to their discrete energy levels and strong carrier confinement, which enable high-speed operation and improved performance in applications such as optical communications, sensing, and quantum information processing. The interaction of these lasers with optical...

Background: Natural radionuclides such as radon (^222Rn) and radium (^226Ra) may enter liquid foodstuffs through environmental transfer from soil and water, creating potential radiological exposure through ingestion. Objective: This work aims to measure the concentration of radon and radium contents and other radiological effects in samples of...

Background: Discrete fractional calculus has emerged as an important mathematical framework for modeling dynamical systems with memory and nonlocal behavior. In particular, nabla fractional differences with Mittag–Leffler kernels have been widely used in discrete fractional variational problems and their associated Euler–Lagrange equations...

This research explored the narrating ego as the foundation upon which the structure of psychological identity relies. The study presented the masculine aspect of this narrating ego as a crucial component, contributing to guiding its narrative based on the memory supply of both its conscious and unconscious dimensions. The research delved into the...

This study dealt with the jihadist policy of the Andalusian Umayyad prince Al-Hakam Al-Rabadi (180-206 AH/796-822 AD), towards the Spanish Kingdom of Asturias and its allies. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical historical approach. In its introduction, it focused on the military relations with the Spaniards, prior to the reign of...

The study aimed to identify the level of sports confidence and its impact on the digital performance level among the female athletics team at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, as well as the relationship between them in addition to examining the differences in this effect based on the event variable (100-meter sprint, 200-meter sprint...

Crime legality is considered one of the most important principles related to fair trial guarantees. This principle means that criminalization and punishment sources must be dependent only on the law. Thus, the latter determines what acts are to be considered crimes and their penalties. This principle relies on a constitutional base, taking into...