Defense

The study aimed to evaluate the extent to which higher education institutions in the West Bank - Palestine adopt electronic leadership during crises. The researcher evaluated the relationship between the personality and skills of the leader, his social awareness, the availability of resources and electronic leadership.

This study aimed to estimate spiritual well-being, psychological well-being, and quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis sessions in the West Bank. This descriptive study examined a random sample of 413 Palestinian patients receiving hemodialysis sessions in eleven centers operating in the West Bank. The questionnaire tool was distributed and the data was collected using the psychological well-being scale, the spiritual well-being scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale - BREF during the period between March 28 and August 10, 2023.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of school principals' practices in technological leadership on teachers' integration of technology into classrooms, considering the variables of professional development, gender, experience, and professional diploma in school leadership. Data was collected by conducting a cross-sectional survey of a sample of 319 principals and 895 teachers from Palestinian public schools.